Euphemism

Summary Semantic "Euphemism"

Jumat, 18 Maret 2016

Assignment Semantic "Euphemism"

"Euphemism Definition"

What is Euphemism ??

Euphemism is an idiomatic expression which loses its literal meanings and refers to something else in order to hide its unpleasantness.

For example, “kick the bucket” is a euphemism that describes the death of a person.

Euphemism depends largely on the social context of the speakers and writers where they feel the need to replace certain words which may prove embarrassing for particular listeners or readers in a particular situation.

"Techniques for Creating Euphemism"

         Euphemism masks a rude or impolite expression but conveys the concept clearly and politely. Several techniques are employed to create euphemism.
It may be in the form of abbreviations e.g. B.O. (body odor), W.C. (toilet) etc.
Foreign words may be used to replace an impolite expression e.g. faux (fake), or faux pas (foolish error) etc.
Sometimes, they are abstractions e.g. before I go (before I die).

       Euphemism is frequently used in everyday life. Let us look at some common euphemism examples:
You are becoming a little thin on top (bald).
Our teacher is in the family way (pregnant).
He is always tired and emotional (drunk).
We do not hire mentally challenged (stupid) people.
He is a special child (disabled or retarded).

"Examples of Euphemism in Literature"

Example #1
Examples of euphemism referring to sex are found in William Shakespeare ’s “ Othello” and “ Antony and Cleopatra ”. In “ Othello”, Act 1 Scene 1, Iago tells Brabantio:
“I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs.”

Example #2
John Donne in his poem “ The Flea ” employs euphemism. He says:
“Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
How little that which thou denies me is;
It suck’d me first, and now sucks thee,
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.
Thou know’st that this cannot be said
A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead;
Yet this enjoys before it woo,
And pamper’d swells with one blood made of two;
And this, alas! is more than we would do.”
In order to persuade his beloved to sleep with him, the speaker in the poem tells her how a flea bit both of them and their blood got mixed in it. This is a euphemism.

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Denotation, connatation and Implication

Summary Semantic"Denotation, connatation and Implication

Senin, 28 Maret 2016

Summary denotation, connatation and implication

Denotation, Connotation and Implication

       Denotation is a word's literal meaning. For example, were Juliet to look up the word 'rose' in the dictionary, she would find something like, 'a bush or shrub that produces flowers, usually red, pink, white or yellow in color.' Similarly, street names, like Sistrunk Boulevard or Northeast Sixth Street, tell people where they are and help them get to where they want to go.

      On the other hand, connotation is a word's underlying meanings; it is all the stuff we associate with a word. So, while a rose is indeed a type of flower, we also associate roses with romantic love, beauty and even special days, like Valentine's Day or anniversaries. Connotations go beyond the literal to what we think and feel when we hear or see a word.
So, while Sistrunk Boulevard tells people in Fort Lauderdale where they are (denotation), the name also makes some people feel pride because it honors a well-regarded local figure in the black community (connotation). Others see the name Sistrunk as having negative connotations because of its history of blight and crime. For some in the community, that which we call a rose, by any other name does not smell as sweet.
Examples from Literature
Notice earlier when I said that the two neighborhoods in Fort Lauderdale were divided by railroad tracks? 'The other side of the tracks' is a phrase with both denotative and connotative meanings. The phrase denotes something benign - that you are crossing railroad tracks - but can also have deep cultural and socio-economic connotations.
Railroad tracks often separate more well-off neighborhoods from other less-prosperous neighborhoods. In communities like Fort Lauderdale, the 'other side of the tracks' or the 'wrong side of the tracks' has negative connotations as rundown or unsafe. And, like Sistrunk, these tracks frequently separate one racial group from another, so the phrase can have racial implications as well.
Authors, and poets in particular, choose their words carefully, using connotations as a shorthand to say a lot all at once and give a work of literature an added layer (or layers) of meaning. Take this excerpt from the poem Mending Wall by American poet Robert Frost:
'And on a day we meet to walk the line
And set the wall between us once again.
We keep the wall between us as we go.'
In the poem, the speaker and a neighbor meet to repair their shared stone fence, but the word choice and the connotations those words have, gives the poem meaning beyond the literal. 'Walk the line' denotes the 'practice of walking along and securing a property line,' as both owners do in the poem. However, 'walk the line' also means 'following the rules and doing what is socially accepted. Both men do what they are supposed to do, setting the wall between them.

http://www.google.co.id/url?q=http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/explain-difference-between-denotation-connotation-

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semantics assignment

     THE NATURE OF SYMBOLS AND REFERENTS Ok, so there are some important things to know about symbols and referents.
     1.) DEFINITION OF SYMBOL AND REFERENT The first is, that a symbol is an object that is being used by someone or something to refer to another object called the referent.
     For example, in a book, you have the word cow, and the word cow is then used to refer to some real cow out in the real world.
     Or you have a picture of a cow in a book, and its a picture of a cow named Daisey, with black and white spots, who lived on a particular farm, at a particular time, and here is this complete picture of Daisey.
     The picture is an object, and the ink on the paper is an object, and the picture is made of paper which is an object, and this compound object is being used to refer to the actual cow that existed in the real world.
     The referent also is an object, it too exists in the real world, just as the symbol does.
     Obviously, that's where milk comes from. Moooo! 2.) SYMBOLS AND REFERENTS ARE TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS
     So the second most important thing to know about symbols and referents is that they are two different objects.
     And because they are two different objects they have two different quality sets, each one describing the object that the quality set belongs to.
     For example the picture of the cow is made of paper, made with ink, made with a photographic process, is basically two dimensional and exists in a book.
     That's a symbol, it has qualities and it is an object which exists.
     The referent is a real cow, its made out of skin and bones and blood and teeth and eats grass and goes moo!
     So you can see that that the two different objects have two different quality sets.